Liner support and closure for acid resistant drums



Sept. 15, 1953 c. NEGOLA 2,652,172

LINER SUPPORT AND CLOSURE FOR ACID RESISTANT DRUMS Filed Oct. 30, 19512.Sheets-Sheet l C. NEGOLA Sept. 15, 1953 LINER SUPPORT AND CLOSURE FORACID RESISTANT DRUMS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 30, 1951 IN V EN TOR.

' ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 15, 1953 LINER SUPPORT AND CLOSURE FOR ACIDRESISTANT DRUMS- Garmine Negola, Garwood, N. J., assignor, by direct andmesne assignments, to Drumboy, Inc.

Application October 30, 1951, Serial No. 253,789

6 Claims. 1

This invention relates to drums or similar containers used for thestorage of liquids, and is particularly directed to a drum or othermetal container fitted with a removable flexible liner so that the drumcan be used for storing acids and other corrosive materials whileavoiding direct contact between the liquid and the drum material whichis usually a metal such as steel.

It is primarily directed to a liner or bag made of a thin flexiblematerial, which may be removably inserted through an opening formed inthe drum cover, and means provided for removably supporting the linerbag in the drum cover, by means of a neck integral with the liner, and aclosure which engages the neck of the liner and seals the openingtherein, the neck support apparatus being utilized as a means of sealingthe opening in the drum cover when the closure is applied thereto.

the corrosive liquid and the metal of the drum or cover. A sleeve madeof a flexible material may be utilized. to support the neck section ofthe liner against the cover filler neck, the sleeve with the necksection of the liner wrapped around it, also providing a seat forsealing the drum cover opening.

In larger drums, where more than one filler opening is used, a pluralityof drum cover filler neck openings may be provided, the liner having asimilar number of neck sections, which are fitted through the drum coveropenings to support the liner. The method of supporting the necksections of the liner in the cover, and the closure means is essentiallythe same as those used in conjunction with the single opening drumcover.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive drum andclosure combination, whichv can be utilized for storing acids andsimilar corrosive liquids, the liner and the closure therefore beingremovably supported by the drum cover.

A further object is to provide a drum in which the closure supportcollar is mounted around and supported by the material of the drumcover,

2 surrounding an opening formed in the neck thereof.

Another object is to provide a drum fitted with a removable, flexibleliner in which the liner is supported by a compressible sleeve, whichremovably supports the neck of the liner within the cover opening andalso provides a clamping element by means of which a capcan seal thedrum cover opening.

Another object is to provide aliner fitted with a plurality of necksections for use with drum covers fitted with a plurality of filleropenings, the essentials of the liner and closure construction remainingthe same.

A primary object is to provide a simple, compact drum liner and closurecombination, in which the liner support unit and the liner can be fittedto the container and the closure applied thereto without special toolsor skills, the liner material effectively protecting the metal surfaces,of the container.

The accompanying drawings illustrative of one embodiment of myinvention, together with the description of their construction and themethod of installation and utilization thereof, will serve to clarifyfurther objects and advantages of my invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 represents a vertical section through a portion of the drum bodyand the cover attached thereto, as well as the liner bag and the supportand closure combination therefor.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through a portion of the liner bag shown inFig. 1 and the liner neck support sleeve, showing the sleeve in itsnormal position and in its compressed position, preparator-y toinserting the liner through the drum cover opening.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of the neck opening in the drum covershown in Fig. 1, with the cap removed to show the liner support sleeve.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a portion of the closure assembly shown in Fig.l, with the sleeve removed to show thelmethod of supporting the cap.support collar in the neck of the drum cover.

Fig. 5 is a partial plan View of the drum cover and closure assemblyshown in Fig. l, with the cap in place.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section through a modification of the neck of thecover, shown in Fig. 1, with a collar fitted thereto.

Fig. 7 is a vertical section through a modification of the driun coverand the liner shown in Fig. l, thecover having two filler openingsformed therethrough.

It will be understood that the following detailed description of theconstruction and the method of assembly and utilization of the linersupport and closure for acid resistant drum is intended as explanatoryof the invention and not restrictive thereof.

In the drawings, the same reference numerals designate the same partsthroughout the various views, except where otherwise indicated.

In the construction shown in Fig. l, a cover I!) made of sheet steel orother similar sheet material, is attached to the body I I of the drum,which is of substantially cylindrical form or bulged out at the sides,the body also being similarly made of sheet metal.

l'he material around a filler opening formed in the center of the coveris bent upward to form the inlet neck I2 of the cover, aheavy-walledtubular cap support collar I4 having threads formed around the outercircumference thereof being fitted around the vertical inlet neck I2 ofthe cover, the bottom of the collar seat ng against the bottom plate ofthe cover, after which the upper end of the vertical neck I2 of thecover may be spun or pressed outward to form a circularflange I5,substantially parallel to the bottom plate It of the cover, the upperflange pressing against the upper surface of the collar I4, andretaining it in the annular channel formed between the upper flange I5and the bottom plate of the cover.

A plurality of countersunk head, or other form of rivets Il, or otherconnecting means may be inserted through openings formed in the coverbottom plate, the collar and the flange, to rock the collar in positionrelative to the neck of the cover.

In place of the rivets shown in Fig. 1, a plurality of substantiallyfrusto-conical countersinks or depressions I8 may be formed around theupper and lower surface of the collar I4, a series of similarly formedcupped projections 19 and 19a being spun or stamped out of the upperflange i5 and the bottom plate It of the cover in the manner indicatedin Fig. 6, each of the cupped projections fitting into the correspondingcountersinks I8 and I8a respectively, to prevent the rotation of thecollar when the closing cap is applied thereto.

A hollow liner in the form of a bag 28, made of a thin flexible plasticmaterial, such as a synthetic rubber composition, comprising a hollowbody with a reduced diameter neck section 2I formed integral with theupper end thereof, may be inserted through the cover opening to receiveacids or similar corrosive liquids with which the container is filled,the liner following substantially the inner contour of the drum when itis filled.

A pliable sleeve unit comprising a tubular vertical section 22 with acircular flange 23, substantiallyperpendieular to the upper end thereof,integral therewith, and another parallel flange 24 of smaller diameterintegral with the opposite end of the tubular vertical section to forman annular channel therebetween, is fitted to the neck section of theliner in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to support the liner against,the neck of the cover.

The outer diameter of the upper flange 23 of the sleeve may be ofsubstantially the same diameter as that of the drum cover flange, or itmay be smaller, a radius 25 being formed at the outer edge of the flangeto allow the liner neck sections to fit smoothly around the flange.

A corner radius may be formed at the inter= section between the upperflange 23 and the tubular vertical section of the sleeve, and a similarradius formed at the intersection between the lower flange and thebottom of the sleeve section to allow the neck section of the liner towrap smoothly around the sleeve in the assembled position.

The sleeve may be molded or otherwise formed of rubber, or other pliableplastic material.

In assembling the neck section of the liner to the sleeve, the innerarea of the neck section of the liner engages the inner surface of thetubular section of the sleeve, the upper end of the liner neck sectionbeing wrapped around the upper flange 23 of the sleeve to form an upperand lower flange seat 2'! and 28 respectively, and the outercircumference of the tubular vertical section with the extreme lower endof the outer vertical area 29 of the neck section of the liner flangedoutward, substantially perpendicularly to the vertical 'outer area, thebottom flanged circular area 30 of the liner neck section, fittingagainst the upper surface of the bottom flange 24, in the manner shownin Figs. 1 and 2.

When the sleeve with the neck of the liner fitted thereto, is insertedin the cover opening in the manner shown in Fig. 1, the neck 2| of theliner forms an opening through which the acid, or other corrosive liquidmay be poured into the liner, the outer vertical area 29 of the linerbeing inserted between the neck section I2 of the cover and the tubularvertical section of the sleeve, thereby sealing the opening in thevertical section of the sleeve.

The lower flange seat 28 of the liner, adjoining the upper flange of thesleeve and the bottom flanged circular area thereof engaging the bottomflange 24 of the sleeve, form an annular channel, which is pressedagainst the neck section of the cover, the top flange thereof and thebottom plate of the cover, thereby retaining the sleeve against thecover and sealing the opening formed therein.

After the neck section of the liner and the various flanged areas formedtherefrom, are wrapped around the sleeve in the position shown in Fig.2, the tubular vertical section 22 of the sleeve and the lower flange 24thereof are manually pressed inward to the position shown by dot-dashlines, Fig. 2, the corresponding liner neck sections being similarlycompressed until the outer circumference of the lower sleeve flange 24clears the opening in the neck section of the cover, thus enabling thesleeve with the liner neck section fitted thereto to be inserted intothe cover opening in the position shown in Fig. l, the sleeve with theliner sections fitted thereto expanding into the assembled positionshown in 1, after the pressure is released.

A cap comprising a tubular vertical section 3|, the outer surface ofwhich may be of hexagonal, octagonal or other regular polygonal, orother suitable contour, as indicated in Fig. 5, with a relatively flattop 32 integral therewith, may be fitted to the collar I6 to close thebung opening at the top of the cover, the internal threads formed in thevertical section of the cap engaging similarly formed external threads33 formed around the outer circumference of the collar.

A flat substantially circular gasket 34, made of rubber or othersuitable compressible material, may be fitted to the interior of thecap, the gasket seating against the under surface of the top of the capand the upper flange seat of'the liner neck section to seal the opening.

The sleeve and the liner may be removed through the opening in the drumcover by compressing the lower sleeve flange 2' 5 and the verticalsection thereof to substantially the position shown in dot-dash lines,Fig. 2, by means of a spanner or other suitable tool inserted throughthe opening, after which the sleeve with the liner attached thereto maybe readily removed throughthe opening in the drumcover when the liner isempty.

In another modification of the construction shown in Fig. '7, which isadapted primarily for use in larger drums having a plurality of bungopenings 31- and 31a. formed in the cover 38 thereof, the cover isfitted with a pair of neck sections 39 and 39a, located adjacent theouter diameter of the bottom plate 4610i the cover around the bungopenings 3-! and Ka, as indicated in Fig. 7.

The liner shown in Fig. 7 is similar to that shown in Fig. 1, exceptthat it is formed, with two substantially parallel neck sections 42 and42a integral with the liner body 43, the liner neck sections beinglocated in substantial alignment with the bung openings 31 and 31a. inthe cover.

The cap support collars l4 and 14a, fitted around the neck sections 39and 39a of the cover 0 shown in Fig. 7, are substantially the same asthose shown in Fig. 1 and fitted to the cover neck sections insubstantially the same manner.

The upper end of each of the neck sections 39 and 39a of the cover isflanged outward to form a circular flange 44 substantially parallel tothe bottom plate 40 of the cover, each of the collars being insertedaround the corresponding vertical tubular neck section of the coveruntil the bottom of the collar engages the bottom plate 40 of the cover,after which the upper flanges 44 and 44a may be spun around th verticalneck section or pressed flat against the upper surface of the collar toretain the collar within the annular channel formed between the flangeand the bottomplate of the cover.

A plurality of frusto-conical or other form of countersinks l8 and [8cmay be formed around the upper and lower surfaces of each of the collarsI4 and 14a in the manner shown in Figs.

6 and 7, a series of similarly formed cupped projections 46 and 46abeing spun or stamped out of the upper flanges 44 and 44a of the coverand the bottom plate thereof, respectively, each of the cuppedprojections fitting into the corresponding countersink l8 or l8a toprevent the rotation of the collars when the closing caps are appliedthereto.

In place of the projections and countersinks shown in Fig. 7, aplurality of rivets l! or other suitable attaching means may be insertedthrough the upper flange M the collar 14 and the bottom plate of thecover in the manner shown in Fig. l, or the flange 44 and the bottomplat 40 may be spot-welded to the collar, or attached thereto by othersuitable means.

The neck sections 39 and 39a of the liner shown in Fig. '7 may besupported in the bung openings of the cover in substantially the samemanner as that shown in Fig. 1.

The pliable sleeve which supports the neck sections 39 and 39a of theliner, is substantially the same as that shown in Fig. 1, the materialof each of the neck sections of the liner being wrapped around thecorresponding sleeve in the 6 manner shown in Fig. 1 and hereinbefore described.

In inserting the neck sections 39 and 39a, of the double necked liner,shown in Fig. 7, through the cover openings 31 and 31a, each of theliner neck sections would be wrapped, around the corresponding sleeve insubstantially the mannershown in Fig. 2 and hereinbefore described,preferably before. the cover 38 is attached to the body of the drum.

The upper flange 23 of the sleeve with the upper and lower flange seatsof the liner neck, sections fitted thereto, would be individuallycompressed and moved upward through the cover opening, the individual,upper flange fitting through the bottom of the corresponding bungopening 31 or 31w of the cover, until the upperflange of the sleevereaches the position shown in Fig. '7', after which the flangepressurewould be released, the upper flange 2,3 of the. sleeve with theflange seat. sections. of the liner neck fitted thereto, engaging theupper flange 44 of, the cover vertical neck, and the bottom flange 24 ofthe sleeve, with the bottom flanged circular area of the liner necksection fitted thereto, engaging the bottom plate of the cover aroundthe tubular vertical neck 39 or 39a thereof, in the position shown inFig. 7.

As an alternate method of assembling the liner to the cover, the twoneck sections 39 and 39d of th liner may be inserted through the bungopenings in the cover before the cover is attached; to the drum, afterwhich each of the liner neck sections would be wrapped around thecorresponding sleeve in the manner shown in Fig. 2, and hereinbeforedescribed.

After each neck section of the liner is wrapped around the correspondingsleeve, the tubular vertical section 22 of the sleeve and the lowerflange 24 thereof, with the corresponding line-r neck section fittedthereto, would be pressed inward to the position shown by dot-dashlines, Fig. 2, until the lower sleeve flange 24 clears the opening inthe cover vertical inlet neck, thus enabling each of the sleeves withthe corresponding liner neck section fitted thereto to. be insertedthrough the corresponding cover opening to the position shown in Fig.'7', each sleeve with the corresponding liner neck section fittedthereto expanding into the assembled position shown in Fig. 7 when thepressure is released, in the same manner as that hereinbefore describedrelative to the construction shown in Fig. 1.

In all other respects the liner, the neck sections 42 and 42!, thereof,and the sleeve are substantially the same as those shown in Figs. 1 and2 and hereinbefore described.

The closing caps shown in Fig. 7 are substantially the same as thatshown in Fig. 1 and hereinbefore described, the vertical section 3i ofeach of the caps being threadably attached to the external threadsformed on the corresponding col lar E4 in substantially the same manner.

A gasket 34 may be inserted in each of the caps under the top thereof,the gasket seating against the under surface of the top of the cap andthe upper flange seat of the corresponding liner neck section in themanner shown in Fig. 1 and hereinbefore described.

The liner and closure assembly may be used with any suitable type ofdrum or cask, whether of cylindrical outer contour, bulged at the sidesin the form of a barrel, or other form, the liner following generallythe inner sizev and contour of the drum or other container.

i The unit is designed primarily as a single trip container, the insert,the sleeve, and the closure therefor being constructed at relatively lowcost, so that the entire container with the insert and closure unit maybe destroyed after each use, or the metal container itself with thecover fitted thereto, may be used for subsequent refillings, the linerbeing replaced after each filling.

The cover may be attached to the drum body by any suitable means knownto theart.

In the single opening construction, the opening in the drum cover may beof any reasonable size, depending upon the size of the drum and thefilling rate required, the sleeve construction, the neck of the linerand the cap support collar following generally the contour and size ofthe opening in the cover.

The collar [4 may be attached to the flange and the bottom plate of thecover by means of a plurality of rivets, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 4,retained between the flange and the bottom plate by a series of cuppedfrusto-conical projections,

which fit into countersinks formed in the collar in the manner shown inFigs. 6 and '7, or the cover flange and bottom plate may be spot weldedto the collar, or attached thereto by other suitable means.

The cover may be fitted with a single bun opening, asindicated in Fig.1, two openings located diametrically opposite one another as indicatedin Fig. '7, or three or more openings may be provided, depending uponthe diameter of the drum, the position of each of the cover neck sections relative to the outer circumference of the drum corresponding tothe position shown in Fig. 7.

The neck sections incorporated in the insert would of course correspondin number, diameter and relative location with the number and locationof the bung openings and neck sections formed in the drum cover.

The upper flange 23 of the sleeve may be made larger or smaller,depending upon the gasket area required under the cap.

Where a cover fitted with dual openings, as

indicated in Fig. 7 is used, the diameter of the upper flange of thesleeve would be reduced to facilitate insertion of the sleeve flange,with one of the liner neck sections fitted thereto, through one of thebung openings in the cover.

The lower flange of the sleeve may be considerably smaller than thediameter of the upper flange, to allow it to be readily compressed andinserted through the opening in the cover, or the lower flange diametermay be increased where greater gripping area is required between thecover bottom plate and the sleeve flange.

The sleeve would be made of relatively thin sections of a rubbercomposition, or other pliable plastic material to allow it to be readilycompressed and inserted through the cover opening.

The liner bag may be made of a thin flexible synthetic rubbercomposition, or other suitable plastic composition having the requisiteflexibility and corrosion resistant characteristics.

The liner may be used in a wide range of drum types and sizes, thenumber and size of the filler neck or bung openings, depending upon thediameter of the drum cover and the number of openings formed therein.The location of the drum cover openings relative to the outercircumference thereof, and the method of supporting the neck sections ofthe liner against the drum cover would be essentially the same as thatshown in the drawings and hereinbefore described.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that my presentinvention is not limited to the specific details described above andshown in the drawings, and that various modifications are possible incarrying out the features of the invention without departing from thespirit and scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In combination with a metal container having a sheet metal coverfitted thereto, said cover having an opening therethrough incommunication with the interior of the container, with an upwardlyextending integral filler neck of circular cross-section, surroundingthe opening, and a substantially perpendicular annular flange integralwith said filler neck, a resilient liner adapted for removable insertionin said container, said liner having a neck section integral therewith,projecting through the cover filler neck opening, a tubular collarfitted to the cover filler neck, a compressible sleeve, comprising atubular section with integral flanges at both ends thereof, inserted insaid filler neck opening, the liner neck section being wrapped aroundthe sleeve, the liner neck section being adjustable relative to thesleeve and readily detachable therefrom, the sleeve pressing the linerneck section against the cover filler neck to support the liner withinthe container, and means removably attached to the collar closing thefiller neck opening.

2. In combination with a hollow metal container having a sheet metalcover fitted thereto, said cover having an opening therethrough incommunication with the container interior, with an upwardly extendingintegral neck of circular cross-section surrounding said opening, anannular flange parallel to the cover, integral with the cylindricalneck, a tubular threaded collar fitted around the cover neck between theflange and the cover, means integral with the flange and cover engagingthe collar to restrain the rotation thereof, a flexible liner adaptedfor insertion in the container, said liner having a neck sectionintegral therewith in alignment with the cover neck, a compressibletubular sleeve adapted for removable insertion through the neck opening,said sleeve being of substantially U-shaped axial cross-section andhaving an annular channel around the outer circumference thereofftheliner neck section being fitted to said channel, the liner neck sectionbeing adjustable relative to the sleeve and readily detachabletherefrom, said sleeve pressing the liner neck section against the coverneck and the flange thereof to support the liner neck section againstthe cover, and a cap threadably attached to the tubular collar, clos-.ing the filler neck opening.

3. In combination with a hollow cylindrical metal container having asheet metal cover fittted thereto, said cover having an openingtherethrough in communicationwith the container interior, with anupwardly extending integral neck of circular cross-section surroundingsaid opening, an annular flange parallel to the cover, integral with thecylindrical neck, a tubular threaded collar fitted around the cover neckbetween the flange and the cover, means integral with the flange andcover, engaging the collar to restrain the rotation thereof, a flexibleliner adapted for removable insertion in the container, said 1inerhaving a neck section integral therewith in alignment with the coverneck, a tubular sleeve made of a compressible material adapted forremovable insertion in the cover neck, said sleeve having an annularflange integral with the outer end thereof, with a parallel flangeintegral with the opposite end, the liner neck section being wrappedaround the tubular sleeve, the liner neck section being adjustablerelative to the sleeve and readily detachable therefrom, said sleevepressing the liner neck section against the cover neck and the flangethereof, to retain the liner neck section against the cover neck, a capthreadably fitted to the cover neck collar, covering the outer flangedend of the sleeve to close the neck opening, and a compressible elementinserted in the cap, engaging the area of the insert neck abutting theouter sleeve flange to seal the cover neck opening and support the linerneck section.

4. In combination with a hollow cylindrical metal container having asheet metal cover fitted thereto, said cover having an openingtherethrough, in communication with the interior of the container, withan upwardly extending integral neck of circular cross-sectionsurrounding said opening, an annular flange parallel to the cover,integral with the cover neck, a tubular threaded collar fitted aroundthe cover neck between the flange and the cover, said collar having aplurality of indentations formed in the surfaces thereof, abutting theflange and cover, said flange and cover having a plurality ofprojections integral therewith fitting into the collar indentations, aflexible liner adapted for removable insertion in the container, saidliner having a neck section integral therewith in alignment with thecover neck, a tubular sleeve made of a compressible material, adaptedfor removable insertion in the cover neck, said sleeve having an annularflange integral with the outer end thereof, with a parallel flangeintegral with the opposite end, the liner neck section being wrappedaround the tubular sleeve, the liner neck section being adjustablerelative to the sleeve and readily detachable therefrom, said sleevepressing the liner neck section against the cover neck and the flangethereof, to retain the liner neck section against the cover neck, a capcovering the outer flanged end of the sleeve to close the neck opening,threadably fitted to the tubular collar, and a compressible gasketinserted in the cap, engaging the area of the insert neck sectionabutting the outer sleeve flange to close the cover neck opening andsupport the liner neck section.

5. In combination with a hollow cylindrical metal container having asheet metal cover fitter thereto, said cover having a plurality ofopenings therethrough, in communication with the interior of thecontainer, with an upwardly extending integral neck of circularcross-section, surrounding each of said openings, an annular flangeparallel to the cover, integral with each of the cover necks, a tubularthreaded collar fitted around each cover neck, between the flange andthe cover, means fitted through each flange, collar, and thecorresponding cover area, retaining the collar against the cover, aflexible liner adapted for removable insertion in the container, saidliner having a plurality of integral tubular neck sections in alignmentwith the cover necks, a compressible tubular sleeve adapted forremovable insertion in each of the cover neck openings, each of saidsleeves having an annular flange integral with the outer end thereof,with a parallel integral flange at the opposite end, the liner necksection being wrapped around the corresponding tubular sleeve, the outerflange thereof, and abutting the opposite flange, each of said linerneck sections being adjustable relative to the corresponding sleeve andreadily detachable therefrom, the sleeve pressing the correspondingliner neck section against the neck flange, cover neck, and the adjacentcover area, a cap, threadably fitted to each of the tubular collars,covering the outer flanged end of each sleeve, and a compressibleelement inserted in each of said caps, engaging the area of thecorresponding insert neck section abutting the sleeve flange, to sealthe cover opening and support the adjacent liner neck section.

6. In combination with a hollow cylindrical metal container having asheet metal cover fitted thereto, said cover having a plurality ofopenings therethrough, in communication with the interior of thecontainer, with an upwardly extending integral neck of circularcross-section, surrounding each of said openings, an annular flangeperpendicular to the neck, integral with each of the cover necks, atubular threaded collar fitted around each cover neck, between theflange and the cover, each of said collars having a plurality ofindentations formed in the surfaces thereof, abutting the correspondingflange and cover area, each of said cover flanges and the correspondingcover area, having a plurality of projections integral therewith, saidprojections fitting into the corresponding collar indentations, acompressible tubular sleeve adapted for rem0vable insertion in eachcover neck, each of said sleeves having an annular flange integral withthe outer end thereof, with a parallel integral flange at the oppositeend, the liner neck section being wrapped around the correspondingtubular sleeve, the outer flange thereof, and abutting the oppositeflange, each of said liner neck sections being adjustable relative tothe corresponding sleeve and readily detachable therefrom, the sleevepressing the corresponding liner neck section against the neck flange,cover neck, and the adjacent cover area, a cap threadably fitted to eachof the tubular collars, covering the outer flanged end of each sleeve,and a compressible gasket, inserted in each of said caps, engaging theadjacent inlet neck section area, abutting the outer sleeve flange, toclose the corresponding cover opening and support the liner necksection.

CARMINE NEGOLA.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 798,507 Hally Aug. 29, 1905 1,778,532 Meiklejohn Oct. 14, 19302,064,411 Brandstein Dec. 15, 1936 2,145,613 Shenk Jan. 31, 19392,234,084 Rauh Mar. 4, 1941

